Body length + height + weight — get a real, purchasable crate size, not just a vague "Medium."
Measure your dog's body length (nose to base of tail) and standing height (floor to top of head), add 2–4 inches to each, and round up to the nearest standard crate size — 18, 22, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, or 54 inches. Weight alone can be misleading for long-backed or deep-chested breeds.
Buy the adult size with a removable divider panel. You'll only need to buy one crate, and you can expand the usable space every few weeks as your puppy grows, instead of upgrading crates multiple times.
Yes — too much extra space can let a dog use one end as a "bathroom" and the other to sleep, which undermines house-training. The crate should be just large enough to stand without ducking, turn around fully, and lie flat.
Requirements vary by airline, but most require an IATA-compliant plastic crate sized so your dog can stand, turn around, and lie down naturally — always confirm exact dimensions with your specific airline before flying.